ASPEK HUKUM TERHADAP PERJANJIAN HUTANG MENGGUNAKAN ASET KRIPTO = THE LEGAL ASPECT OF DEBT AGREEMENT USING CRYPTO ASSETS

TRY NURYANDI ISMANTO PAUWENI (B022222009). ASPEK HUKUM TERHADAP PERJANJIAN HUTANG MENGGUNAKAN ASET KRIPTO. dibimbing oleh Maskun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji kerangka hukum yang berlaku, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi hukum yang dapat terjadi dalam perjanjian hutang menggunakan aset kripto. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan melakukan tiga pendekatan yakni pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan analisis. Jenis dan sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer yakni peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum sekunder yaitu buku, jurnal, media online, hasil penelitian, hasil karya dari kalangan hukum dan sebagainya. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan studi dokumen melalui studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan content analysis, analisis bahan hukum dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. The results showed (1) Legal arrangements in several countries only regulate how crypto assets are traded and explain what crypto is, namely: (a) America considers it a commodity; (b) Germany as a digital representation without currency status; (c) Indonesia as an intangible commodity. In debt agreements, (a) America only regulates freedom of contract and the use of non-traditional collateral without violating the Uniform Law Commission; (b) Germany, through Articles 241 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch and 244 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, allows agreements according to agreement, including debt in currencies other than the euro; (c) Indonesia bases debt agreements with crypto on Article 1320 of the Civil Code on the four conditions for a valid agreement: agreement, capability, a certain thing, and a lawful cause. The three countries only refer to their respective treaty laws without clear regulations, causing broad interpretation, legal uncertainty, and lack of protection for parties transacting with crypto assets; (2) The legal implications of debt agreements using crypto assets have implications for: (a) Null and void because several platforms in several countries provide debt loan facilities using crypto assets such as Binance, AAVE, Triv.id; which apply the same agreement mechanism, using crypto as a loan object and as a collateral object that determines the loan amount and interest rate adjusted to the amount of collateral value owned by the Creditor, in this case causing null and void because crypto has not been legalized as a legal means of payment and; (b) Can be canceled because the determination of the value of assets and the value of collateral to be provided in the debt agreement is only determined by one party, namely the platform that provides the crypto loan facility Kata kunci: Aset Kripto; Perjanjian Hutang; Pengaturan Hukum.

Keyword : Aset Kripto; Perjanjian Hutang; Pengaturan Hukum.