Deteksi Jamu Kuku pada Pedagang di Pasar Pabaeng-Baeng Makassar dan Karakteristiknya = Detection of Nail Fungus on Traders at Pabaeng-Baeng Market Makassar and Its Characteristics

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Onikomikosis adalah salah satu jenis mikosis superfisialis yang menyebabkan perubahan warna dan penebalan lempeng kuku. Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, prevalensi onikomikosis meningkat, karena tingkat harapan hidup yang lebih tinggi, alas kaki zaman sekarang yang lebih lembap dan peningkatan prevalensi jumlah individu immunocompromised. Insidennya mencapai angka 20% di Asia Timur. Namun, data-data mengenai penyakit onikomikosis, khususnya di Indonesia kurang banyak dan belum diperbaharui. Pasar tradisional identik dengan gambaran kumuh dan memiliki kelembapan tinggi yang memungkinkan adanya infeksi jamur kuku di salah satu pasar tradisional di Makassar, yaitu Pasar Pabaeng-Baeng. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui berapa proporsi dan bagaimana karakteristik pedagang pasar dengan infeksi jamur kuku dan memiliki gambaran klinis onikomikosis menurut demografi, lingkungan, status kesehatan dan riwayat penggunaan obat, serta gambaran klinisnya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif observasional. Hasil: Sebagian besar sampel kuku pedagang Pasar Pabaeng-Baeng (69.8%) ditemukan hifa dengan atau tanpa spora pada pemeriksaan mikroskopis. Terdapat 52.7% pedagang dengan infeksi jamur kuku yang merupakan pedagang dengan jenis barang dagangan basah, 63.5% berjenis kelamin perempuan dan 73% berusia ≤50 tahun. Hanya 7.5% pedagang yang menunjukkan gambaran onikomikosis secara klinis. Pedagang yang memiliki gambaran klinis onikomikosis adalah pedagang dengan jenis barang dagangan basah (62.5%), memiliki riwayat hipertensi (87.5%) dan diabetes (75%). Hanya 4 dari 8 pedagang yang onikomikosis positif yang ditemukan hifa positif pada kerokan kukunya. Kesimpulan: Hifa dengan atau tanpa spora pada kuku ditemukan pada sebagian besar pedagang di Pasar Pabaeng-Baeng. Pada pedagang yang memiliki gambaran klinis onikomikosis, proporsi pedagang dengan dagangan basah, riwayat hipertensi dan riwayat diabetes lebih tinggi.

ABSTRACT
Background: Onychomycosis is a type of superficial mycosis that causes discoloration and thickening of the nail plate. Over the past few decades, the prevalence of onychomycosis has increased, due to higher life expectancy rates, unfortunately today's more humid environment and the increasing prevalence of the number of immunocompromised individuals. The incidence reaches 20% in East Asia. However, data regarding onychomycosis, especially in Indonesia, is lacking and has not been updated. Traditional markets are synonymous with a dirty image and have high humidity which allows nail fungus infections to occur on one of the traditional markets in Makassar, namely Pabaeng-Baeng Market. Objective: To find out what proportion and characteristics of market traders with nail fungus infections and who have a clinical picture of onychomycosis according to demographics, environment, health status and history of drug use, as well as the clinical picture. Method: This research uses a cross sectional method with a descriptive observational approach. Results: In this study, the majority (69.8%) of nail samples from Pabaeng-Baeng Market traders were found to have hyphae with or without spores on microscopic examination. There are 52.7% of traders with nail fungus infections were traders with wet merchandise, 63.5% were female and 73% were aged ≤50 years. Only 7.5% of traders showed clinical features of onychomycosis. Traders who have a clinical picture of onychomycosis are wet merchandise traders (62.5%), have a history of hypertension (87.5%) and diabetes (75%). Only 4 of the 8 traders who were positive for onychomycosis had positive hyphae found in their nail scrapings. Conclusion: Hyphae with or without spores on nails were found in most traders at Pabaeng-Baeng Market. For traders who have a clinical picture of onychomycosis, the proportion of traders with wet merchandise, a history of hypertension and a history of diabetes is higher.