Improvement X-ray radiation shield characteristics of composite cement/ Titanium dioxide (TiO2)/Barium carbonate (BaCO3): Stability crystal structure and chemical bonding

The stability crystal structural and chemical bonding characteristics of composite cement filled with titanium dioxide (TiO2)/barium carbonate (BaCO3) were successfully studied through a quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra, respectively, for X-ray shielding applications. The Scherrer, uniform deformation model, and size–strain plot methods were used to determine the structural properties in the form of crystallite size (D), micro strain (ε), stress (σ), and energy deformation (u) of composite. D, ε, and σ shows small differences between non-irradiation and irradiation composites. The Ba–O bonding at a wavenumber of 714 cm− 1 and –OH bonding at 2515 cm− 1 shows a more constant position compared with that between before and after X-ray irradiation and indicated a stable crystal structure and bonding formation of composites. The best composite found in this study is composite 30% (TiO2 + BaCO3) indicated by the highest linear attenuation coefficient of 3.524 cm− 1 for 60 keV, approximately 3.146 cm− 1 for 70 keV, and 2.776 cm− 1 for 80 keV and the lowest half-value layer and mean free path, which imply its high potential as a new X-ray shield.