IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR RISIKO HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA DI PICU PADA ANAK


Widodo, Dr. Juanita Aileen (2022) IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR RISIKO HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA DI PICU PADA ANAK. Thesis thesis, Universitas Hasanuddin.

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Abstract (Abstrak)

Pendahuluan : Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) adalah pneumonia yang berkembang ≧48 jam setelah dirawat di rumah sakit. HAP merupakan infeksi nosokomial yang berdampak signifikan pada morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Kolonisasi oropharyngeal dan lambung, serta aspirasi selanjutnya ke paru-paru pada pasien dengan gangguan mekanis, pertahanan seluler dan humoral yang mengarah pada kemungkinan perkembangan HAP. Banyak faktor risiko dapat mendukung atau berkontribusi pada perkembangan HAP.
Tujuan : mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kejadian HAP pada anak..
Metode : Desain penelitian case control. Populasi penelitian 30 pasien mengalami HAP dan 61 pasien tidak mengalami HAP yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Penelitian ini membandingkan berbagai faktor risiko pada kelompok mengalami HAP dan tidak mengalami HAP.
Hasil : Berdasarkan analisis bivariat pada faktor risiko jenis kelamin, umur, status gizi, jenis antibiotik, pemakaian naso gastric tube, lama perawatan dan komorbid pada kelompok HAP didapatkan nilai p>0,05 tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada faktor risiko tersebut. Analisis pemakaian ventilator mekanik pada HAP didapatkan nilai p = 0.007 (p<0,05), ada perbedaan bermakna risiko terjadinya HAP dengan nilai COR = 3,5 dengan 95% CI (1,39 – 8,83),pemakaian ventilator mekanik memiliki risiko 3,5 kali untuk menderita HAP.
Kesimpulan : Pemakaian ventilator merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian HAP pada pasien yang dirawat di PICU.
Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a type of pneumonia that develops ≥ 48 hours after hospital admission. HAP is a nosocomial infection that significantly affects the patients’ morbidity and mortality. Oropharyngeal and gastric colonization, as well as subsequent aspiration to the lungs in patients with mechanical impairment, cellular and humoral deficiency, leads to the possible development of HAP. Several risk factors can contribute to the development of HAP. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for HAP incidence in children.
Methods: This case-control study involved 91 subjects which were divided into 2 groups, 30 subjects of the HAP group and 61 subjects of the non-HAP group the study population was all patients with HAP and no HAP who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study compared various risk factors in the groups experiencing HAP and not experiencing HAP.
Results: Bivariate analysis on risk factors for gender, age, nutritional status, type of antibiotic, nasogastric tube insertion, length of treatment, and comorbidities in the HAP and non-HAP groups found p> 0.05, which means there was no significant difference. Meanwhile, analysis on mechanical ventilator usage obtained p-value = 0.007 (p <0.05), which means that there was a significant difference with COR value = 3.5 with 95% CI (1.39 – 8.83). Therefore, a child on a mechanical ventilator is 3.5 times more likely to develop HAP than a child without a mechanical ventilator.
Conclusion: Mechanical ventilator usage is a risk factor for HAP incidence in patients admitted to the PICU.

Item Type: Thesis (Thesis)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kata kunci : Hospital-acquired pneumonia, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, anak-anak, ventilator mekanik Keywords: Hospital-acquired pneumonia, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children, Mechanical ventilator
Subjects: R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions (Program Studi): Fakultas Kedokteran > PPDS Ilmu Kesehatan Anak
Depositing User: S.I.P Zohrah Djohan
Date Deposited: 08 Mar 2022 03:07
Last Modified: 08 Mar 2022 03:07
URI: http://repository.unhas.ac.id:443/id/eprint/13788

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