PEMENUHAN HIERARKI KEBUTUHAN MASLOW PADA TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL HEIDI KARYA SPYRI = FULFILLMENT OF MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS IN THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN SPYRI'S HEIDI

This study aims to analyze how the main characters; Heidi, Clara, and Peter fulfill their needs in Johanna Spyri’s novel Heidi, which serves as the primary data source. The fulfillment of physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs is examined in this study, and the factors that hinder the process are also explored. A descriptive qualitative method with Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is applied to understand how the main characters fulfill their needs throughout their developmental journey. The results of this study show that the three main characters strive to fulfill their needs progressively, with family and social support playing a significant role. However, obstacles such as environmental changes, physical limitations, and unstable economic conditions affect each character's ability to meet their needs. This study also highlights that self-actualization is not only attainable in adulthood but can also be achieved by children and adolescents in ways relevant to their developmental stages. These findings confirm that fulfilling needs based on Maslow’s theory effectively describes character development in Heidi and emphasize the importance of social support in helping individuals, including children and teenagers, overcome obstacles in fulfilling their basic needs and achieving self-actualization.

Keyword : Maslow's hierarchy of needs, child and teenage development, factors inhibiting needs, family and social support, Heidi.