Effectiveness Comparison between Foot Massage and Active Range of Motion Exercise in Reducing the Risk of Falling among Older People in Indonesia

Background: Older people who suffered injuries due to falls have varying severity. About 40 - 60% of falls results in significant lacerations, fractures, brain injuries, and even death. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of foot massage (FM) and active range of motion exercise in lower extremities (Lower ROM) in reducing the risk of falling among older people. Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a time-series design. At the same time, the two groups were assigned to two groups with different treatment arms; the first group was assigned to specific FM intervention, and the second group was assigned to Lower ROM exercises. Both groups were given intervention every three days for 12 days. Results: Significant results were found in both groups in reducing the risk of falling and improving muscle strength (p<0.05). However, there were no different effects of both groups in reducing the risk of falling and improving muscle strength (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both FM and Lower Rom are similarly effective in reducing the risk of falling and improving muscle strength among older people. Keywords: foot massage; lower ROM; risk of falling; muscle strength; older people