THE EFFECT OF SOLVENTS AND EXTRACTION METHODS ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES OF DANDANG GENDIS (Clinacanthus nutans): A REVIEW STUDY

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans) is one of the most common plants found and primarily used in Southeast Asia. Some studies have proven that the content of C. nutans can act as an anti- inflammatory, anti-analgesic, antiviral antibacterial, antivenom, and immune response activity, antioxidant and antidiabetic. Several extraction methods that have been widely done and the results prove the pharmacological effect of C.nutans and have widely applied are the extraction of meta methanol; also, the extraction method used for the determination of phenolic flavonoid content and antioxidant activity is by maceration of methanol solvents. This review aims to explain the chemical content, extraction methods used to identify the chemical compounds in C. nutans leaves and their relation to pharmacological activity. The information about C. nutans plants has collected from several recent research journals that have been accessed from web of science, Scopus, and Web of Mendeley. The methods widely used in identifying were through the isolation and extraction by using methanol, ethanol, and chloroform from various parts of C. nutans plants and the in vitro and in vivo methods used for biological activities test. Some research revealed that C. nutans leaves contained chlorophyll derivates. Many flavonoids found in C. nutans plants after the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening test. The chemical content of C. nutans is identified using various extraction methods and it has been proven that the content of C. nutans plants has pharmacological effects.