Isti’ārah dalam Novel “Al-Masīḥ Al-Andalusī” Karya Taissier Khalaf (Studi Analisis Balaghah) = Isti'ārah in the Novel "Al-Masīḥ Al-Andalusī" by Taissier Khalaf (A Balāghah Analytical Study)

NAJWA SALSABILA MUKARRAM. Isti'ārah in the Novel Al-Masīḥ Al-Andalusī by Taissier Khalaf: A Balāghah Analytical Study. Supervisor: Dr. Syamsul Bahri Abd. Hamid, Lc., M.A. Background. Isti'ārah is a rhetorical device in Arabic balāghah that goes beyond linguistic ornamentation, functioning as a cognitive and emotive instrument capable of deepening a narrative's emotional, philosophical, and socio-ideological dimensions. Taissier Khalaf's novel Al-Masīḥ Al-Andalusī, published in 2024 and longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction 2025, portrays the tragedy of the Morisco community in Andalusia following the fall of Granada around 1592 under the pressure of the Spanish Inquisition. Purpose. This study aims to identify and classify the forms of taṣrīḥiyyah and makniyyah isti'ārah in Al-Masīḥ Al-Andalusī and to analyze their rhetorical functions within the narrative context of the novel. Method. This research employs a balāghah analytical method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Al-Hāsyimī in Jawāhir al-Balāghah and Al-Jārim and Amīn in Al-Balāghah al-Wāḍiḥah, integrated with modern metaphor-function theories by Andrew Goatly (1997), Lakoff and Johnson (1980), and Jonathan Charteris-Black (2004). Primary data were drawn from three chapters of the novel collected through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Results. The findings show 43 figurative expressions in total, consisting of 7 instances of taṣrīḥiyyah isti'ārah and 36 instances of makniyyah isti'ārah. When classified by rhetorical function, the Expressive-Affective Function accounts for 17 instances (2 taṣrīḥiyyah and 15 makniyyah), the Illuminative-Reflective Function for 16 instances (2 taṣrīḥiyyah and 14 makniyyah), and the Socio-Ideological Function for 10 instances (3 taṣrīḥiyyah and 7 makniyyah), with makniyyah isti'ārah predominating across all three functions. Conclusion. The study concludes that Khalaf employs isti'ārah not merely as linguistic ornamentation but as an integrated rhetorical device that simultaneously deepens the emotional, philosophical, and socio-political dimensions of the narrative.