Dampak kerja sama ASEAN-Tiongkok dalam memberantas pencucian uang dari perjudian daring = The Impact of ASEAN-China Cooperation in Combating Money Laundeirng from Online Gambling

Online gambling has grown into one of the most pressing transnational crime concerns in Southeast Asia, not only because of its rapid expansion across the region but also because of its role as a vehicle for money laundering. Criminal networks, many of which are linked to Chinese investment and organised crime groups, have exploited online gambling platforms to move illicit funds across borders through a structured process of placement, layering, and integration. The scale of this problem has made it impossible for any single country to address alone, pushing ASEAN and China toward formal cooperation. This study examines how ASEAN and China have responded to money laundering facilitated through online gambling in Southeast Asia, and impact their cooperation has had on the ground. Using the theoretical framework of international regimes and informal international regimes, along with the concept of transnational crime, this research analyses the October 2024 ASEAN-China Joint Statement as a key expression of their collaborative commitment. The study employs a qualitative and descriptive approach, drawing on secondary sources such as official documents, UNODC reports, academic journals, and media coverage, as well as primary data gathered through interviews. The findings reveal that ASEAN-China cooperation has taken shape primarily as an informal regime, a non-legally binding arrangement that still carries normative