Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Mortalitas Pasien yang Terventilasi Mekanik di Ruang Rawat Cardiovascular Care Unit (CVCU) Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo Periode Tahun 2019-2024 = Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Associated with Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients within the Cardiovascular Care Unit: A Retrospective Observational Study

ABSTRACT Background: The Cardiovascular Care Unit (CVCU) manages severe cardiovascular emergencies, during which mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently required for acute respiratory failure. Despite its life- saving potential, MV is associated with high mortality in this population. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated CVCU patients. Methods: A retrospective observational analytic study was conducted at the CVCU of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital (2019–2024). The study included 74 patients receiving MV for 24 hours to 60 days. Data on demographics, comorbidities, procedural factors, high-sensitivity Troponin I (hs-Troponin I), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were analyzed using bivariate (Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact) and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most patients were male (59.5%) and older than 60 years (63.5%). The mortality rate was 93.2%. Common comorbidities included heart failure (77.0%), arrhythmias (54.1%), and hypertension (45.9%) were the most common comorbidities. Bivariate analysis showed that only hypertension was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.041). However, multivariate logistic regression did not identify any clinical or demographic factors as independent predictors of mortality (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: CVCU patients requiring MV face critical mortality rates. While hypertension showed an initial association with adverse outcomes, no independent prognostic factors were identified, emphasizing the need for larger, multicenter cohorts to optimize cardiopulmonary critical care.