Korelasi kadar tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 serum dengan nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus pada subjek penyakit ginjal kronik = Correlation of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels with estimated glomerular filtration rate in subjects with chronic kidney disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is used to stage CKD and guide therapy, but it has several limitations, such as low sensitivity in detecting early kidney damage and significant variation. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) plays a key role in kidney fibrosis and is a potential biomarker for CKD, but has not been widely studied. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between serum TIMP-1 levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate in subjects with CKD. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 84 CKD subjects from Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Data were collected through from October 2025 to December 2025 consisting of 50 male and 34 female with CKD ranging from stage 1 to stage 5 (End-Stage Renal Disease). TIMP-1 levels were measured using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method, and eGFR data calculated from serum creatinine values using the CKD-EPI creatinine formula. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests according to data distribution. Results: The results showed that majority of subjects were aged 56–65 years (35.6%), with 50 male subjects (59.5%) and 34 subjects (28.6%) in CKD stage 5. The highest mean TIMP-1 levels were found in patients with stage IIIA (22.94 ng/mL) and the lowest in stage I (10.07 ng/mL), with significant differences between stages (p = 0.002). There was a weak negative correlation between TIMP-1 levels and eGFR (r = -0.231; p = 0.035), but not significantly with CKD stages. TIMP-1 levels also showed significant differences based on age groups. Subgroup analysis showed that the negative correlation between TIMP-1 and eGFR was strongest in stage IIIA. Conclusion: TIMP-1 levels trend to increase with CKD progression and are negatively correlated with eGFR. TIMP-1 can be assessed as an additional biomarker for CKD progression.