Molecular Detection of Feline Panleukopenia Virus in Domestic Cats in Makassar, Indonesia, Using PCR Targeting the VP-2 Gene

Abstract | Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal pathogen affecting domestic cats, especially kittens and unvaccinated individuals. Although clinical cases of feline panleukopenia are frequently observed in Makassar, Indonesia, molecular confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has not been documented prior to this study. This study aimed to confirm FPV infection via VP-2 PCR and evaluate associated clinical changes. Ten cats showing clinical signs consistent with feline panleukopenia such as vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and fever were selected from four veterinary clinics in Makassar. All cats were tested positive for FPV using a commercial antigen rapid test kit. While rapid antigen kits aided in screening, they were not locally validated against PCR, representing a diagnostic limitation. Without VP-2 sequencing, the possibility of CPV-2 variant infection cannot be fully excluded. PCR amplification of the VP-2 gene from fecal samples showed a consistent band of 974 bp in all ten cats. This study presents the first molecular confirmation of FPV in domestic cats in Makassar and underscores the diagnostic value of integrating clinical observation, rapid antigen kits screening, and PCR-based molecular detection. Limitations include small sample size, urban-only sampling, lack of environmental persistence testing, and absence of vaccine coverage data. However, these findings underscore the need for strengthened FPV surveillance and vaccination programs to
prevent outbreaks in the region.