Pengaruh Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Terhadap Gejala Klinis, Kepositifan Tcm Dan Luas Lesi Foto Thoraks Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru = The Effect Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On Clinical Symptoms, Rmt Result And Lesion Of Thoracic Photo In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health burden, particularly in developing countries. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with increased susceptibility and more severe clinical manifestations of TB. However, studies on the impact of glycemic status on sputum positivity and radiographic severity yield conflicting results. This study aims to evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on clinical symptoms, molecular test (RMT) positivity, and radiographic lesion extent in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar from August to November 2024. A total of 80 bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients, with and without T2DM, were enrolled. Clinical severity was assessed using a symptom scoring system, RMT sputum tests were performed, and chest X-rays were evaluated for lesion extent. Comparative and regression analyses were conducted to determine the impact of T2DM. Results: This study included 90 TB patients, divided equally into groups with and without T2DM. TB patients with T2DM exhibited more severe clinical symptoms, a greater extent of thoracic lesions, and a higher prevalence of basal lesion location. Symptom severity was significantly higher in the T2DM group (p=0.002). The T2DM group was also less likely to have positive RMT results (p=0.033). Radiological findings showed significantly more extensive lesions in TB patients with T2DM (p=0.008). Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with more severe clinical symptoms and broader lung lesions, but lower RMT positivity among pulmonary TB patients.

Keywords: T2DM, Clinical Symptoms, RMT, Thoracic Photo, Pulmonary Tuberculosis.