RESISTENSI PEREMPUAN TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI AGAMA DAN BUDAYA DALAM BEBERAPA NOVEL INDONESIA TAHUN 2000-AN: TINJAUAN KRITIK SASTRA FEMINIS = WOMEN’S RESISTANCE TOWARDS RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL VALUES IN SOME INDONESIAN NOVELS OF THE 2000S: A REVIEW OF FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM

This study aims to 1) explain the forms of women's resistance to religious and cultural values in some Indonesian novels of the 2000s, 2) analyze the causes of women's resistance to religious and cultural values in some Indonesian novels of the 2000s and their relationship to reality and 3) evaluate the impact of women's resistance to religious and cultural values in some Indonesian novels of the 2000s and their relationship to reality.The study employs three theoretical frameworks: James C. Scott’s theory of resistance; feminist theories specifically liberal feminism as conceptualized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Betty Friedan, and radical feminism by Shulamith Firestone; as well as Alan Swingewood’s theory of the sociology of literature. Scott’s theory is used to explain the forms of resistance, while feminist theories serve to analyze and evaluate the causes and impacts of women’s resistance within the novels. The theory sociology of literature framework is applied to explore the relationship between the literary depictions of resistance and the broader social reality. Data collection is conducted through library research, and the data are analyzed and interpreted using qualitative descriptive methods. The findings of this study reveal three main points. First, women’s resistance to religious and cultural values in the some Indonesian novels of the 2000s is expressed through both overt and covert forms. Second, this resistance stems from women’s critical awareness of conservative religious interpretations and oppressive patriarchal cultural norms. Third, the resistance produces both positive and negative impacts, affecting not only the female characters themselves but also those around them. Importantly, the study highlights that the female characters’ pursuit of justice is not solely carried out through constructive means; at times, their resistance also manifests in destructive way, so that the impact is not only positive but also negative on women's lives.

Keyword : resistance, women, religious values, cultural values, novels, feminist, patriarchy.