ISTILAH SAPAAN DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN DIALEK BUGIS BULUKUMBA BERDASARKAN HIERARKI SOSIAL: SEBUAH STUDI SOSIOLINGUISTIK = ADDRESS TERMS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND BUGINESE BULUKUMBA DIALECT BASED ON SOCIAL HIERARCHIES: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY

This research aims to identify the types of address terms and explain the social factors influence the use of address terms in English language and Buginese Bulukumba dialect based on social hierarchies by using a qualitative descriptive method. English language data are taken from conversations in two films, while Buginese Bulukumba dialect data are taken from participant observations and interviews. The social hierarchies are divided into formal and informal hierarchies. The research findings show eight types of address terms classified based on superior and inferior positions. Superiors are usually addressed with respect, such as using Titles (T) and other title combinations, while inferiors are addressed more familiarly, such as with First Names (FN) and Special Nicknames (SN). In formal hierarchies, both languages use a respectful address for an inferior position who is older. In informal hierarchies, the difference appears when a husband and wife in English language address each other with familiar terms, whereas in Buginese Bulukumba dialect, a wife generally addresses her husband with respectful terms. Furthermore, the social factors influence the use of address terms in formal hierarchies show that both languages use respectful terms based on occupational hierarchy. In informal hierarchies, factors such as social status or nobility rank shape the hierarchy in Buginese Bulukumba dialect, while in English language, age plays an important role in choosing an address terms.

Keywords: Address Terms, Buginese Bulukumba Dialect, Social Hierarchies.