Non-Green Open Space Boundaries in Urban Design in Wajo District, Indonesia

This study explores the typology, functionality, and urban design implications of non-green open space boundaries in Wajo District, Indonesia. Unlike green infrastructure, non-green boundaries—such as benches, curbs, paving transitions, and fences-have received limited scholarly attention despite their prevalence and impact on urban life. The research identified five dominant boundary types using a mixed-methods approach combining GIS mapping, field surveys, visual documentation, perception analysis, and stakeholder interviews. It assessed their performance across aesthetic, functional, and social dimensions. The results revealed semi-permeable and transitional boundaries supported accessibility, safety, and public satisfaction. Cultural integration, especially incorporating Bugis vernacular motifs, significantly increased perceived comfort and spatial clarity. Conversely, rigid structural boundaries often contributed to spatial exclusion. A performance matrix and spatial quality index were developed to assist policymakers in evaluating and prioritizing boundary interventions. The study concludes by advocating for a participatory, flexible, and culturally sensitive approach to non-green space design as a strategic component of inclusive and resilient urban development in Indonesian cities.