Modern Management Challenges in Sudan = Tantangan dalam manajemen modern di Sudan

This study explores the challenges of modern public management in Sudan, with a particular focus on the effectiveness of privatization as a reform strategy and the potential of goal administration as an alternative approach. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review, comparative analysis, and qualitative data from interviews and institutional assessments, the research reveals that Sudan's privatization efforts have largely failed to achieve their intended objectives. Intended to improve efficiency, reduce fiscal burdens, and enhance service delivery, privatization in Sudan has instead been undermined by corruption, weak regulatory oversight, political favoritism, and limited administrative capacity. These shortcomings have led to the concentration of public assets among political elites, increasing inequality and eroding public trust. The study also identifies deep-rooted institutional and governance challenges, including outdated legal frameworks, weak human resources, fragmented leadership, and minimal public participation. Comparative case studies from countries such as India, Rwanda, and Bangladesh demonstrate that successful public sector reform depends on strong governance, strategic vision, inclusive stakeholder engagement, and continuous policy evaluation—elements currently lacking in Sudan's reform approach. As a constructive alternative, the study proposes the model of goal administration, which emphasizes clear, measurable objectives aligned with national development goals, cross-sector collaboration, and accountability through performance-based systems. Unlike traditional privatization, goal administration focuses on outcomes over ownership, aiming to strengthen public service delivery as a vehicle for inclusive and sustainable development.

Keyword : public management, privatization, goal administration, governance, Sudan, institutional reform, performance-based management