Effectiveness Nacre Pearl Shell (Pinctada Maxima) as Bone Graft for Periodontal Bone Remodeling

Background: Infection of periodontal tissue is characterized by the occurrence of tissue
resorption from both alveolar bone to cementum which can result in tooth loss. Spontaneous
regeneration does not always occur, so the need for regenerative therapy that can accelerate
healing and formation of new bone. Tissue engineering is a biomedical technology developed
to help regenerate limbs that cannot be repaired by tissues. One type of tissue engineering to
regenerate periodontal is the application of bone graft. Some of the marine biota structures
contained in it can be used to build tooth structures (bone, dentin, pulp, and periodontal
ligaments) that are damaged or lost due to disease.Aim :to discuss the potential of nacre pearl
shells as bone graft material. Methods:Data was collected through Medline search (via
PubMed) and Wiley Online Library published from 2016 to 2021. Data search was performed
using the keywords Bone Graft, Nacre, Bone Remodeling. Literature Review :Nacre is the
inside of the shell, is composed of calcium carbonate. The shells and bones have some
similarities, the acellular structure of the shells is formed by the outer skeleton of the
mollusks, while the acellular structure of the bones is formed by the internal skeleton of the
invertebrates. These two structures share an organic matrix deposited by specialized cells, the
organic form of which forms a scaffold for direct crystallization and mineralization. Bone
grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces lost bone with material from the patient's body,
artificial substitutes, synthetic, or natural. As bone naturally grows, this bone generally
replaces the graft material completely, resulting in a new, fully integrated area of
bone.Results: After obtaining 32 articles in the Medline search (via PubMed) and the Wiley
Online Library, 20 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria
desired by the author on the title and abstract, or there were duplications, resulting in 12
articles. From 12 articles, 5 articles were excluded. Obtained 7 articles to be reviewed.
Literature review: Discussion: Several studies have been conducted to prove the potential
content of nacre pearl shells as bone graft which has osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and
osteogenetic properties. Conclusion : Nacre pearl shells are a material that shares some
similarities with bone. Nacre pearl shells has the potential to be used as a bone substitute
material in periodontal bone remodeling.