THE EEFECT OF MALOCCLUSION ON SPEECH DISORDERS

Background: Malocclusion is 3rd rank after caries and periodontal disease as dental and oral health problems in Indonesia. Adolescence is found as the highest incidence of malocclusion. The etiology of malocclusion is divided into general factors and local factors. Malocclusion is not a disease however if not treated malocclusion can affect the patient's periodontal tissue, social life mastication, swallowing, and even speech function. The balance theory explained that there is a relationship between malocclusion and tongue position because regular teeth can help balance the strength of the tongue and the labio-buccal muscle, which is an essential factor during the speech process. Laine in 1992 confirmed that speech abnormalities are more prone to occur in Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite than in Class I with anterior open bite. Meanwhile, Subtelny in 1964 and Suzuky in 1993 concluded that articulation errors only could be detected in patients with an open bite and skeletal class II. The more significant the open bite, the more severe the articulation error. Purpose: To determine the effect of malocclusion on speech disorders and to find out the types of malocclusions that can affect speech disorders as well as the relationship between the severity of malocclusion and speech disorders. Method: Collect literature from search engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, and SciElo which discuss the effect of malocclusion on speech disorders. Result: There are eight kinds of literature relevant to the topic. Conclusion: From all literature, it can be concluded that malocclusion can affect speech disorders, especially articulation disorders, the most common type of malocclusion in speech disorder is open bite and crossbite, the changed phonemes are s, n, l, t, d, ch, z, f, v, not all cases show the effect of severity speech disorders depending the severity of malocclusion due to adaptation to the tongue.