The Controversy of Mine License Extending and Their Impact on Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia

The mining industry is a complex system characterized by many companies and various environmental problems. This paper aims to analyze Indonesia's existing mining industry practices and the social, economic, and environmental complexities. A qualitative approach is used as a technique to find various essential aspects about the mining controversy and its impacts. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with academics from multiple scientific fields and supported by Focus Group Discussion techniques with community leaders around the mine. The results showed several negative responses to the presence of PT. Vale Indonesia. Although this company has been operating for over half a century, the transfer of mining knowledge and technology to local human resources has not been carried out. In addition, the issue of land conflicts, maximizing CSR programs, environmental pollution, empowerment of local contractors, and recruitment of workers, especially indigenous people, continue to be problematic. It is recommended that the government give a particular point regarding the company's seriousness in realizing PT's commitment. Vale Indonesia. which will build the smelter. Before deciding on the licensing status of a company, the government should conduct a thorough consultation in three provinces (South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi) by involving local stakeholders who have been in direct contact with the company.