PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT OF RAT ON FLOOD-PRONE AREAIN INDONESIAN SETTINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Rats can be a reservoir for several disease pathogens in humans, including Leptospira sp, PES, typhus, salmonellosis, Q-fever and so on. Leptospira is a disease caused by rat vectors which is often found in flood-prone areas. Floods will spread Leptospira sp. from the urine of infected animals and contaminate water as well as soil, sludge and the environment. The purpose of writing this systematic review is to review articles that discuss the public health impacts of rat density in flood-prone areas – Indonesian setting, one of which is the impact of Leptospira sp pathogens by rats. The method of writing this systematic review is through a review of journals with the topic of the public health impact of rat density in flood-prone area settings to identify diseases caused by the presence of rats. Based on this study, there were 9 articles that were relevant to the research question and met the inclusion criteria. From the results of the nine articles, it was found that the density of rats was at risk of causing public health problems in flood-prone areas. Leptospirosis is the most common disease, especially after the flood disaster. Puddles of water that have been contaminated by Leptospira sp bacteria then settle on the floor of the house, bathroom or surrounding settlements. The bacteria then enter the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin, mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. These bacteria can survive for days if not cleaned immediately.