Diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased freshwater fishes in Thailand

Motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), a disease caused by Aeromonas spp., is recog nized as a major disease in freshwater aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of Aeromonas spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibil ity patterns. A total of 86 isolates of Aeromonas spp. were recovered from diseased freshwater fishes from 13 farms in Thailand. All isolates were identified using bio chemical characteristics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), polymerase chain reaction assays, and the gyrB gene sequence analysis. The result of MALDI-TOF MS showed 100% (86 isolates) ac curacy at genus-level identification, and 88.4% (76 isolates) accuracy at species-level identification. Six species of Aeromonas were confirmed through nucleotide sequenc ing and phylogenetic analysis of the gyrB gene Aeromonas veronii (72.1%), Aeromonas jandaei (11.6%), Aeromonas schubertii (9.3%), Aeromonas diversa (3.5%), Aeromonas hy drophila (2.3%), and Aeromonas punctata (1.2%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for all isolates revealed resistance against amoxicillin (99%), ampicillin (98%), oxolinic acid (81.4%), oxytetracycline (77%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24%), and enrofloxa cin (21%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index varied between 0.14 and 0.86, with MAR values more than 0.2 in 99% of isolates. Furthermore, four diverse multidrug-resistant (MDR) patterns were found among Aeromonas isolates. Our find ing show that A. veronii is the most abundant species in Thai cultured freshwater fish with the highest MDR patterns.