Clean water supply vulnerability model for improving the quality of public health (environmental health perspective): A case in Spermonde islands, Makassar Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to generate a clean water vulnerability model based on exogenous variables: accessibility, socio-economic, and population behavior to endogenous variables: occupancy density and water vulnerability to support the quality of public health in Spermonde island. Methods: This research was conducted in three islands (Spermonde), namely Lae-Lae, Barang Caddi, and Lumu-Lumu. The research design is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The 212 respondents were obtained using a simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was employed to interview respondents related to the level of environmental vulnerability. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The study found some variables are not statistically significant associated with water vulnerabil- ity such as accessibility to occupancy density (P = 0.095), socio-economic to occupancy density (P = 0.991), accessibility to water vulnerability (P = 0.383), socio-economic against water vulnerability (P = 0.417), occupancy density for water vulnerability (P < 0.01). In contrast, behavior to occupancy density (P = 0.002), behavior towards water vulnerability (P = below 0.01) have a significant association. Conclusion: Community behavior and occupancy density are the main factors associated with the vul- nerability of clean water on the small spermonde islands. Adaptation behavior with water vulnerability such as water storage and saving needs to be improved.